Ocular Surface

Conjunctiva

Tumours

Pterygium and Limbal dermoid are by for the most common growth encountered. Pterygium is known notorious for its recurrence while limbal dermoid leaves faint corneal opacity at the site. Both the problems can be easily managed by involving one cornea colleague along. 

Cysts

These are tumour like but filled with some variable liquid inside. Mostly they are transparent. Good and complete surgical removal usually give good results.

Pigmented Patches

Pigment patches or Neavi on conjunctiva pose cosmetic concerns to young adults. They can easily be excised and conjunctiva repaired. Before any assurance of removal is promised, surgeon should be sure of its origin from conjunctiva and not from sclera. 

Lacerations

It is due to injury. Most commonly palpebral conjunctiva is involved. if it is small, can be left as such but repaired if severely lacerated. In loss of conjunctiva mobilization from surrounding or replacement in form of grafting may be considered. 

Scarring

It is secondary to trauma, surgery, chronic inflammation or burn (chemical- Lime). If it causes discomfort or disfigurement it is to be excised properly and then replaced to cover raw area by grafting conjunctiva from the fellow eye or amniotic membrane or the mucous membrane. If done well results are good.

Symblepharon

Adhesion of bulbar and palpebral conjunctiva is symblepharon. The commonest form cause is secondary to lime burn. Symblepharectomy and fornix reconstruction is carried out by mucous membrane graft (Oral or Rectal) or amniotic membrane graft.

Ankyloblepharon

Adhesion between two palpebral conjunctiva is ankyloblepharon; in other words when upper and lower eye lids adhere together, the condition is called ankyloblepharon. The commonest form cause is secondary to lime burn. Symblepharectomy and fornix reconstruction is carried out by mucous membrane graft (Oral or Rectal) or amniotic membrane graft.

Dry Eye

Due to loss of normal lubricating mechanism and tear film stability eye experiences dry eye. It can be mild, moderate and severe depending upon severity. In this condition cornea becomes opaque and normal functioning of vision is affected. No definitive and effective remedy is available but various surgical modalities are tried including stem cell transplantation with variable results.

Miscellaneous

Many other conditions including congenital limbal dermoid, cysticercosis conjunctivae etc. can be dealt medically or surgically as the case may be. In all ocular surface disorders, if patients comes in time and meticulous work is done, gives very good results.