Proptosis

Pseudoproptosis

High myopia, Lid retraction are some conditions which give false sense of proptosis.

Unilateral

The most commonly encountered proptosis. The basic pathology is that there is some mass behind or around the globe causing protrusion of the eye.The causes may be congenital, traumatic, vascular, neoplastic, inflammatory.

Bilateral

The protrusion of both the eyes are almost secondary to thyroid dysfunction. The term used is exophthalmos. The thyroid dysfunction is to be treated primarily. If it is associated with inflammation, systemic corticosteroids should be given. The orbital decompression of two, three or four walls is considered only if IOP is constantly increased or visual acuity is decreasing constantly or optic nerve is threatened.

Involvement of Various age groups

Infants and Young Children

The types of tumours in thesse patients are  Pseudoproptosis, Craniosynostosis, Cephalocele, Microphthalmia with cyst, Teratoma, Capillary Haemangioma, Xanthogranuloma, Metastatic Neuroblastoma and Orbital Retinoblastoma

Children and Adolescent

The types of tumours in this age group are Dermoid Cyst, Lymphangioma, Orbital Varices, Neurofibromatosis, Rhabdomyosarcoma, Leukaemia & granulocytic Sarcoma, Burkitt's Lymphoma, Glioma of Optic Nerve, Intra- orbital cellulitis, Hand-Schuller Christian Disease, Eosinophylic granuloma, Sinus Histiocytosis, Hydatid Cyst, Post-radiation sarcoma and Fibrous Dysplasia 

Adults

The types of tumours in this age group are Thyroid exophthalmos, Pseudotumour, Lymphoproliferative disorders, Fibrous histiocytoma, Cavernous Haemangioma, Neurilemoma, Neurofibroma, Secondary meningioma, Osteoma, Mucocele, circulatory disorders (Orbital Varices, Venous THrombosis, Cavernous sinus and Fistula), Secondary involvemenr and neoplasm (Retinoblastoma, Malignant Melanoma, Malignancies of Lids and Orbit), Tumours of Paranasal Sinuses, Metastatic carcinoma of orbit